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Phyciodina Higgins 1981

Niklas Wahlberg and Andrew V. Z. Brower
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taxon links [up-->]Mazia [up-->] [up-->]Telenassa [up-->]Atlantea [up-->]Phyciodes [up-->]Tegosa [up-->]New Phyciodina Genus [up-->]Antillea [up-->]Phystis [up-->]Castilia [up-->]Tisona [up-->]Janatella [up-->]Dagon [up-->]Ortilia [up-->]Anthanassa [up-->]Eresia Phylogenetic position of group is uncertainPhylogenetic position of group is uncertain[down<--]Melitaeini Interpreting the tree
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The root of the current tree connects the organisms featured in this tree to their containing group and the rest of the Tree of Life. The basal branching point in the tree represents the ancestor of the other groups in the tree. This ancestor diversified over time into several descendent subgroups, which are represented as internal nodes and terminal taxa to the right.

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Containing group: Melitaeini

Introduction

A New World clade, with many neotropical representatives. As may be seen by the scattered, polyphyletic distributions of members of certain genera, the systematics of this group is still in flux.

References

Wahlberg N, Brower AVZ, and Nylin S. 2005. Phylogenetic relationships of tribes and genera in the subfamily Nymphalinae ((Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on three gene sequences. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 86: 227-251.

Wahlberg, N. & Freitas, A. V. 2007 Colonization of and radiation in South America by butterflies in the subtribe Phyciodina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44, 1257-1272.

Wahlberg N, and Zimmermann M. 2000. Pattern of phylogenetic relationships among members of the tribe Melitaeini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Cladistics 16: 347-363.

Title Illustrations
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Scientific Name Phyciodes phaon
Location N. Topsail Island, North Carolina, USA
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Source Look at me!
Source Collection Flickr
Image Use creative commons This media file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License - Version 2.0.
Copyright © 2006 Marty DeAngelo
Scientific Name Anthanassa texana
Specimen Condition Live Specimen
Copyright © Melody Lytle
About This Page

Niklas Wahlberg
University of Turku, Finland


Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA

Correspondence regarding this page should be directed to Niklas Wahlberg at and Andrew V. Z. Brower at

Page: Tree of Life Phyciodina Higgins 1981. Authored by Niklas Wahlberg and Andrew V. Z. Brower. The TEXT of this page is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License - Version 3.0. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own license, and they may or may not be available for reuse. Click on an image or a media link to access the media data window, which provides the relevant licensing information. For the general terms and conditions of ToL material reuse and redistribution, please see the Tree of Life Copyright Policies.

Citing this page:

Wahlberg, Niklas and Andrew V. Z. Brower. 2008. Phyciodina Higgins 1981. Version 21 January 2008 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Phyciodina/70303/2008.01.21 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/

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